Finding Out What Happened - Class 6 NCERT chapter 1Social Science
This chapter name is finding out what
happened means is talking about let's
find out what happened in our past
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In this chapter, we will know how
our ancestors lived and how their
homes used to be, from where
and how do we get their. information.
इस chapter में हम जानेंगे कि हमारे पूर्वज
कैसे रहते थे और किस प्रकार उनके घर हुआ
करते थे आदि उनकी इंफॉर्मेशन हमें कहां से
और कैसे मिलती है
Like we come to know about tomorrow because
we have seen in TV or heard in radio
जैसे हमें कल के बारे में तो हमें पता चल
जाता है क्योंकि हमने टीवी में देखा होता है
या रेडियो में सुना होता है
Similarly about 1 year ago,
we get to know from person
उसी तरह हमेशा 1 year पहले के बारे में किसी
आदमी से पता चल जाता है
But if we want to know about
long ago, then for that we -
some people of that time have
written something about
themselves in the stones, in the
walls. Or during the excavation ,
we find items that were made by
them , through these we came to
know out about them.
Finding out about the past
There are many ways to learn
about the past.
One is to find and read books that
were written long ago.
These are called manuscripts
(“paandulipiyon “) , because they
were written by hand (this comes
from the Latin word 'manu',
meaning hand). These were usually
written on a palm leaf or on a
specially prepared bark of a birch
tree that grows in the Himalayas.
Over the years, many manuscripts
(“paandulipiyon “) were eaten by
insects, some destroyed, but many
have survived, often preserved in
temples and monasteries. These
books deal with all kinds of topics:
religious beliefs and practi up Ices, the
life of kings, medicine and science.
In addition, there were epics,
poems, plays. Many of these were
written in Sanskrit, others in Prakrit
(the languages used by common
people) and Tamil.
इन्हें पांडुलिपियां कहा जाता है, क्योंकि ये हाथ से
लिखी गई थीं (यह लैटिन शब्द 'मनु' से आया है,
जिसका अर्थ है हाथ)। ये आमतौर पर ताड़ के पत्ते पर
या हिमालय में उगने वाले बर्च नामक पेड़ की विशेष
रूप से तैयार छाल पर लिखे जाते थे।
इन वर्षों में, कई पांडुलिपियों को कीड़े खा गए, कुछ
नष्ट हो गए, लेकिन कई बच गए हैं, अक्सर मंदिरों और
मठों में संरक्षित हैं। ये पुस्तकें सभी प्रकार के विषयों से
संबंधित हैं: धार्मिक विश्वास और प्रथाएं, राजाओं
का जीवन, चिकित्सा और विज्ञान। इसके अलावा,
महाकाव्य, कविताएं, नाटक थे। इनमें से कई संस्कृत
में लिखे गए थे, अन्य प्राकृत (सामान्य लोगों द्वारा
इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली भाषाएं) और तमिल में थे।
We can also study inscriptions. These
are articles written on relatively hard
surfaces such as stone or metal.
Sometimes kings got their orders
engraved so that people could see,
read and obey them.
हम शिलालेखों (Inscription) का भी अध्ययन कर
सकते हैं। ये पत्थर या धातु जैसी अपेक्षाकृत कठोर
सतहों पर लिखे गए लेख हैं। कभी-कभी राजाओं ने
अपने आदेश खुदवाए ताकि लोग उन्हें देख, पढ़ और
मान सकें।
There are also other types of
inscriptions, where men and women
(including kings and queens)
recorded what they did. For
example, kings often kept records
of victories in battle.
So . now you know what we get to
know after studying all these.
1)View Narmada river on this
map
From some of the information found
here, it is known that people have
been living on the banks of this river
for several lakh years. They were
aware of the vast variety of plants in
the surrounding forests, and
collected roots, fruits and other
forest produce for their food. They
also hunted animals.
2) Now discover the Suleiman
and Kirthar hills in the
north-west
From here it is known that these are
some of the areas where women and
men started growing crops like wheat
and barley about 8000 years ago.
People started rearing animals like
sheep, goats and cattle and started
living in villages.
3) Locate the Garo hills in the
north-east and the Vindhyas in
central India.
These were some of the other
areas where agriculture
developed. The places north of
the Vindhyas where rice was first
grown.
4) Locate the Indus and its
tributaries (tributaries are smaller
rivers that flow into a larger
river).
About 4700 years ago, some of the
earliest cities flourished on the
banks of these rivers. Later, about
2400 years ago, cities developed
along the banks of the Ganges and
its tributaries and on the sea coasts.
5) Locate the Ganges and its
tributary called Son.
In ancient times the area on the
banks of these rivers to the south of
the Ganges was known as
Magadha which is now situated in
the state of Bihar. Its rulers were
very powerful, and they established
a large kingdom. States were also
established in other parts of the
country.
During this time people traveled
from one part of the subcontinent to
another. There can be many
reasons for this like
●Men and women migrated in search
of livelihood, as well as to escape
natural calamities such as floods or
droughts.
● पुरुष और महिलाएं आजीविका की तलाश में चले
गए, साथ ही बाढ़ या सूखे जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं से
बचने के लिए भी।
■ कभी-कभी पुरुषों ने सेनाओं में मार्च किया, दूसरों की
भूमि पर विजय प्राप्त की।
● इसके अलावा, व्यापारी कारवां या जहाजों के साथ
यात्रा करते थे, जो एक जगह से दूसरी जगह कीमती
सामान ले जाते थे।
■ और धार्मिक शिक्षक रास्ते में निर्देश और सलाह देने
के लिए गाँव से गाँव, शहर से शहर तक चलते थे।
● अंत में, कुछ लोगों ने शायद रोमांच की भावना से
प्रेरित होकर यात्रा की, नए और रोमांचक स्थानों की
खोज करना चाहते थे।
इन सभी के कारण लोगों के बीच विचारों का
आदान-प्रदान हुआ।
लोगों के इन movements ने हमारी सांस्कृतिक
परंपराओं को समृद्ध किया। लोगों ने कई सैकड़ों वर्षों
में पत्थर तराशने, संगीत बनाने और यहां तक कि खाना
पकाने के नए तरीकों को साझा किया है।
Names of the land
भूमि क नाम कैसे पड़ा
The two words we often
use for our country are
India and Bharat. The word
India comes from indus,
which is called Sindhu in
Sanskrit.
The Iranians and Greeks
who came from the
northwest about 2500
years ago and were
familiar with the Indus,
called it hindo or indo,
and the land east of the
river was called India.
The name Bharata was used
for a group of people who
lived in the north-west, and
are mentioned in the
Rigveda, the oldest Sanskrit
work (about 3500 years ago).
Later it was used for the
country.
हम अपने देश के लिए अक्सर जिन दो शब्दों का प्रयोग
करते हैं, वे हैं india और भारत। india शब्द indus
से आया है, जिसे संस्कृत में सिंधु कहा जाता है।
ईरानी और यूनानी जो लगभग २५०० साल पहले उत्तर
पश्चिम से होकर आए थे और सिंधु से परिचित थे, इसे
hindo या indo कहा जाता था, और नदी के पूर्व की
भूमि को भारत कहा जाता था।
भरत नाम उन लोगों के समूह के लिए इस्तेमाल किया
गया था जो उत्तर-पश्चिम में रहते थे, और जिनका
उल्लेख ऋग्वेद में किया गया है, जो संस्कृत की सबसे
पुरानी रचना है (लगभग 3500 साल पहले की)।
बाद में इसका इस्तेमाल देश के लिए किया गया।
Summary ends here
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