Who is an MLA? | NCERT Solutions For Class 7 Civics Social Science Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

 Who is MLA?

विधायक कौन है?

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) are elected by the people. They then become members of the legislative assembly and also form the government.In this way we say that the MLAs represent people.

Let's understand by a state example:

आइए एक राज्य के उदाहरण से समझते हैं:

Himachal Pradesh is divided into 68 assembly constituencies. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). You would have noticed that people stand for  elections in the name of different parties. These MLAs, therefore, belong to different political parties.

Every state is divided in various areas called constituencies.

   Election result of 2017 in Himachal Pradesh

Results of the Assembly Elections in Himachal Pradesh in 2017
Political party	Number of MLAs elected
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	44
Indian National Congress (INC)	21
Independents (who don’t belong to any party)	2
Communist Party of India (Marxist)	1

Chief minister- After the elections, the MLAs belonging to the ruling party will elect their leader who will become the chief minister.The chief minister then selects other people as ministers. After the elections, it is the Governor of the state who appoints the chief minister and other ministers.

Like the chief minister, various departments run by other various ministers. A Legislative Assembly is a place where all the MLAs, whether from the ruling party or from the opposition meet to discuss various things. Hence, some MLAs have dual responsibilities: one as an MLA and the other as a minister. 

Working of the government 

सरकार का कार्य

The Legislative Assembly is not the only place where opinions are expressed about the work of the government and action is demanded. There are various ways how people and ministers can take actions in democracy.

The chief minister and other ministers, if they have to take steps or action for any problem or work. They need to go through various departments like the Public Works Department, the Agriculture Department, the Health Department, the Education Department and so on, to complete certain scheme implementations. 

Secondly, governments in power need to give answers to all questions asked by the opposition on the behalf of the public,plus the media. These answers have to be satisfying for all opposition, media and public. These answers are given by government in assembly 

Third , the government also makes laws on certain issues in the Legislative Assembly of each state. The various government departments then implement these laws. Laws for the entire country are made in the Parliament.

In the end, democracy is the system where the people elect their representatives as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and, thus, it is the people who have the main authority. The ruling party members then form the government and some members are appointed ministers.

Ncert The Sound of Music (Part 2)|Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan (Part 2)

 The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan

How the change in fate of a musical instrument, made the best musician of our country:

Pungi was a musical instrument whose sound was shrill and unpleasant, due to which it was banned by Aurangzeb. A barber of a family of professional musicians, modified the pungi, a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader.

 He played the instrument before royalty and everyone was impressed. The instrument so different from the pungi had to be given a new name. As the story goes, since it was first played in the Shah’s chambers and was played by a nai (barber), the instrument was named the ‘shehnai’.

After  this Shehnai’s  sound was considered auspicious hence it was played in various temples and main sources of music in north Indian weddings.  The shehnai was part of the naubat or traditional ensemble of nine instruments found at royal courts.

Bismillah Saheb’s birth and family:

• The man who brought this instrument on the classical stage was Ustad Bismillah Khan, Born on 21 March 1916.

Bismillah khan belongs to a well-known family of musicians from Bihar. His grandfather, Rasool Bux Khan, was the shehnai nawaz of the Bhojpur king’s court. His father, Paigambar Bux, and other paternal ancestors were also great shehnai players. 

• Bismillah khan started accompanying him and started getting lessons in playing the instrument and would sit practising throughout the day. He played shehnai for many years in the temples of Balaji and Mangala Maiya.

Bismillah saheb’s  practices and national performances:

• He loved to practice shehnai at banks of Ganges, he got inspiration from ganga and invented ragas that were earlier considered to be beyond the range of the shehnai. 

• At age of 14, he went to Allahabad Music Conference with his uncle where he got appreciation from Ustad Faiyaz Khan. He got a big break when the All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938.

•  He used to go to  nearby Bihariji temple to sing the Bhojpuri ‘Chaita’, at the end of which he would earn a big laddu weighing 1.25 kg, a prize given by the local Maharaja. 

• When India got independence on15 august 1947,  He poured his heart out into Raag Kafi from the Red Fort to the audiences which also included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

His international performances:

• He also went to Afghanistan where King Zahir Shah was so impressed by the maestro that he gifted him priceless Persian carpets and other souvenirs. 

• Bismillah Khan became the first Indian to be invited to perform at the prestigious Lincoln Centre Hall in the United States of America.

• He also took part in the World Exposition in Montreal, in the Cannes Art Festival and in the Osaka Trade Fair.

Khansaheb’s awards:

• National awards like the Padma Shri, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan were conferred on him. 

•  In 2001, Ustad Bismillah Khan was awarded India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

Vijay bhatt kept the name of the film” gunj uthi shehnai “ after listening to him and the movie got a hit. Plus,  one of Bismillah Khan’s compositions, “Dil ka khilona hai toot gaya ...,” turned out to be a nationwide chartbuster. Despite this success and popularity in the film industry, he said-''I just can’t come to terms with the artificiality and glamour of the film world”.

He travelled all over the world but didn't want to leave India, especially Banaras and river Ganga. Once he said”“That is why whenever I am in a foreign country, I keep yearning to see Hindustan. While in Mumbai, I think of only Benaras and the holy Ganga. And while in Benaras, I miss the unique mattha of Dumraon.” 

Ustad Bismillah Khan’s life is a perfect example of the rich, cultural heritage of India, one that effortlessly accepts that a devout Muslim like him can very naturally play the shehnai every morning at the Kashi Vishwanath temple.

Thinking about the Text I. Tick the right answer.

1. The (shehnai, pungi) was a ‘reeded noisemaker.’

2. (Bismillah Khan, A barber, Ali Bux) transformed the pungi into a shehnai. 

3. Bismillah Khan’s paternal ancestors were (barbers, professional musicians). 

4. Bismillah Khan learnt to play the shehnai from (Ali Bux, Paigambar Bux, Ustad Faiyaaz Khan). 

5. Bismillah Khan’s first trip abroad was to (Afghanistan, U.S.A., Canada).

 II. Find the words in the text which show Ustad Bismillah Khan’s feelings about the items listed below. Then mark a tick (✔) in the correct column. Discuss your answers in class.

 Bismillah Khan’s feelings about Positive Negative Neutral

 1. teaching children music P

2. the film world N

3. migrating to the U.S.A. N

4. playing at temples P

5. getting the Bharat Ratna P

6. the banks of the Ganga P

7. leaving Benaras and Dumraon      N

III. Answer these questions in 30–40 words. 

1. Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of the pungi?

Ans. Aurangzeb banned the playing of the pungi in the royal residence for it had a shrill unpleasant sound. Pungi became the generic name for reeded noisemakers.

 2. How is a shehnai different from a pungi? 

Ans.  A barbar family who was a professional musician decided to improve the tonal quality of pungi.He chose a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader than the pungi, and made seven holes on the body of the pipe. When he played on it, closing and opening some of these holes, soft and melodious sounds were produced.

3. Where was the shehnai traditionally played?  How did Bismillah Khan change this?

Ans. Shehnai  played in various temples and main sources of music in north Indian weddings.  The shehnai was part of the naubat or traditional ensemble of nine instruments found at royal courts.Bismillah Khan  brought this instrument on the classical stage. He invented ragas that were earlier considered to be beyond the range of the shehnai.

 4. When and how did Bismillah Khan get his big break? 

Ans. Bismillah khan at the age of 14, he went to Allahabad Music Conference with his uncle where he got appreciation from Ustad Faiyaz Khan. He got a big break when the All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938.

5. Where did Bismillah Khan play the shehnai on 15 August 1947? Why was the event historic?

Ans. Bismillah Khan played the shehnai on 15 august 1947 at Red Fort on the occasion of independence. He poured his heart out into Raag Kafi and audiences including Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

 6. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a shehnai school in the U.S.A.? 

Ans. Bismillah khan’s love for India wasn’t hidden specially love for banaras and holy river ganga, A student of his in USA told him he would recreate the atmosphere of Benaras by replicating the temples there. But Khansaab asked him if he would be able to transport River Ganga as well. 

7. Find at least two instances in the text which tell you that Bismillah Khan loves India and Benaras.

Ans. the two incidences are:

1. A student of his once wanted him to head a shehnai school in the U.S.A., and the student promised to recreate the atmosphere of Benaras by replicating the temples there. But Khansaab asked him if he would be able to transport River Ganga as well.

2. 
   

3. Despite huge success in Bollywood for the music, Bismillah Khan’s ventures in film music were limited to two: Vijay Bhatt’s Gunj Uthi Shehnai and Vikram Srinivas’s Kannada venture, Sanadhi Apanna. “I just can’t come to terms with the artificiality and glamour of the film world,” he says with emphasis.While in Mumbai, I think of only Benaras and the holy Ganga. And while in Benaras, I miss the unique mattha of Dumraon.”

I. Look at these sentences. 

• Evelyn was determined to live a normal life. •

 Evelyn managed to conceal her growing deafness from friends and teachers. The italicised parts answer the questions: “What was Evelyn determined to do?” and “What did Evelyn manage to do?” 

They begin with a to-verb (to live, to conceal). 

Complete the following sentences. Beginning with a to-verb, try to answer the questions in brackets. 

1. The school sports team hopes to win the match they are in.      (What does it hope to do?) 

2. We all want to be successful in our lives. (What do we all want to do?) 

3. They advised the hearing-impaired child’s mother to take him to a hearing expert for treatment. (What did they advise her to do?)

 4. The authorities permitted us to organise a fundraiser programme for blind students.  (What did the authorities permit us to do?)

 5. A musician decided to perform best in his next stage show. (What did the musician decide to do?)

 II. From the text on Bismillah Khan, find the words and phrases that match these definitions and write them down. The number of the paragraph where you will find the words/phrases has been given for you in brackets. 

1. the home of royal people (1)- the royal residences. 

2. the state of being alone (5)- he could practise in solitude

3. a part which is absolutely necessary (2)-  indispensable component

4. to do something not done before (5)- invent 

5. without much effort (13)- effortlessly  

6. quickly and in large quantities (9) - thick and fast.

III. Tick the right answer. 

1. When something is revived, it (remains dead/lives again). 

2. When a government bans something, it wants it (stopped/started). 

3. When something is considered auspicious, (welcome it/avoid it). 

4. When we talk about something, we find it (boring/interesting). 

5. When you appreciate something, you (find it good and useful/find it of no use). 

6. When you replicate something, you do it (for the first time/for the second time). 

7. When we come to terms with something, it is (still upsetting/no longer upsetting).

 

IV. Dictionary work • The sound of the shehnai is auspicious. • The auspicious sound of the shehnai is usually heard at marriages. The adjective auspicious can occur after the verb be as in the first sentence, or before a noun as in the second. But there are some adjectives which can be used after the verb be and not before a noun. For example: • Ustad Faiyaz Khan was overjoyed. We cannot say: *the overjoyed man. Look at these entries from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005). awake adj., verb adjective [not before noun] not asleep (especially immediately before or after sleeping): to be half/fully awake; to be wide awake. I was still awake when he came to bed. elder adi., noun adjective 1 [only before noun] (of people, especially two members of the same family) older: my elder brother • his elder sister 2 (the elder) used without a noun immediately after it to show who is the older of two people: the elder of their two sons 3 (the elder) (formal) used before or after sb’s name to show that they are the older of two people who have the same name: the elder Pitt • Pitt, the elder. 2021–22 28 / Beehive Consult your dictionary and complete the following table. The first one has been done for you. adjective only before noun not before noun both before and after the verb be indispensable ✔ impressed afraid outdoor paternal countless priceless

NCERT The Sound of Music (Part 1) | Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 Evelyn Glennie Explanation (Part 1)

 The Sound of Music

Part I Evelyn Glennie Listens to Sound without Hearing It

This beautiful chapter tells us nothing is impossible if we give our heart and soul to do something.

It is the story of Evelyn Glennie who is a world class musician but a deaf with extraordinary  hearing, she can feel music — far more deeply than any of us. That is why she expresses music so beautifully.

Her musical journey started from her school and it was not easy because her hearing problem started from early childhood when she was 8 year old one day, Evelyn was waiting to play the piano. “They called her name and she didn’t move. I suddenly realised she hadn’t heard,” says Isabel Glennie, her mother. Her hearing problem was increasing day by day but all the people around her, friends , teachers, parents and herself consoled her but by eleventh year of her age, she had lost her hearing power completely.

Her parents took her to a specialist where it was diagnosed that her hearing was severely impaired as a result of gradual nerve damage. They were advised that she should be fitted with hearing aids and sent to a school for the deaf. “Everything suddenly looked black,” says Evelyn.

But Evelyn didn't get discouraged and wanted to live a normal life. She wanted to learn music but faced discouragement by her teacher. One percussionist Ron Forbes spotted her potential. He encouraged her to sense the music. Soon evelyn started to  sense certain notes in different parts of her body. She said  “I had learnt to open my mind and body to sounds and vibrations.” The rest was sheer determination and hard work.

Now from this point, She toured the United Kingdom with a youth orchestra and by the time she was sixteen, she had decided to make music her life. She auditioned for the Royal Academy of Music and scored one of the highest marks in the history of the academy. She gradually moved from orchestral work to solo performances. At the end of her three-year course, she had captured most of the top awards.

She got right to the top, the world’s most sought-after multi percussionist with a mastery of some thousand instruments, and a hectic international schedule. In 1991 she was presented with the Royal Philharmonic Society’s prestigious Soloist of the Year Award. Says master percussionist James Blades, “God may have taken her hearing but he has given her back something extraordinary. What we hear, she feels — far more deeply than any of us. That is why she expresses music so beautifully.

Evelyn functioned so effortlessly without hearing. In Fact, she  knew French and was a master of  basic Japanese. She said that she is a workaholic. Apart from the regular concerts, Evelyn also gives free concerts in prisons and hospitals. She also gives high priority to classes for young musicians.

She tells how music flows in her body parts- hairs, cheek bones, fingers.By leaning against the drums, she can feel the resonances flowing into her body. On a wooden platform she removes her shoes so that the vibrations pass through her bare feet and up her legs

Evelyn's hard work and dedication made her the most successful person of her age. She  has brought percussion to the front of the orchestra, and demonstrated that it can be very moving. She has given inspiration to those who are handicapped, people who look to her and say, ‘If she can do it, I can.’ And, not the least, she has given enormous pleasure to millions.

Question and Answer 

Question- How old was Evelyn when she went to the Royal Academy of Music?

Answer- Evelyn was seventeen years old when she went to the Royal of Music.

Question- When was her deafness first noticed? When was it confirmed?

Answer- Evelyn deafness was first noticed in her 8th year, when her mother called her and she didn't respond and gradually her deafness increased and it was confirmed in her 11th year of her age when her parents took her to specialist. It was then discovered that her hearing was severely impaired as a result of gradual nerve damage.

Question- Who helped her to continue with music? What did he do and say?

Answer- Percussionist Ron Forbes spotted her potential. He began by tuning two large drums to different notes. “Don’t listen through your ears,” he would say, “try to sense it some other way.”Forbes repeated the exercise, and soon Evelyn discovered that she could sense certain notes in different parts of her body.

  

Question- Name the various places and causes for which Evelyn performs?

Answer- She toured the United Kingdom with a youth orchestra,She auditioned for the Royal Academy of Music and scored one of the highest marks in the history of the academy.At the end of her three-year course, she had captured most of the top awards. She became the world's most sought-after multi percussionist with a mastery of some thousand instruments.

Evelyn also gives free concerts in prisons and hospitals. She also gives high priority to classes for young musicians.

Question- How does Evelyn hear music?

Answer- Evelyn lost her hearing power at the age of 8, when she never got discouraged and wanted to learn music then One percussionist Ron Forbes spotted her potential. He encouraged her to sense the music. Soon evelyn started to  sense certain notes in different parts of her body. She said  “I had learnt to open my mind and body to sounds and vibrations.” The rest was sheer determination and hard work. She tells how music flows in her body parts- hairs, cheek bones, fingers.By leaning against the drums, she can feel the resonances flowing into her body. On a wooden platform she removes her shoes so that the vibrations pass through her bare feet and up her legs.Evelyn's hard work and dedication made her the most successful person of her age.