Saturday, 3 September 2022
NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non Metals,एनसीईआरटी कक्षा 8 विज्ञान अध्याय 4 सामग्री धातु और अधातु,
NCERT Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 1 The Best Christmas Present in the World,एनसीईआरटी कक्षा 8 अंग्रेजी हनीड्यू अध्याय 1 दुनिया में सबसे अच्छा क्रिसमस उपहार
The Best Christmas Present in the World
This is a story told by the author, he went to a junk shop in Bridport, he spotted a room top table over there made from oak but it was costly, then he found another table but its condition was bad. It had stains of water and burnt up marks. Due to this condition, it was cheap and he bought it and on Christmas Eve, he started repairing it.
He took out all the drawers from the table but the last drawer stuck badly and he pulled it forcefully. It opened and he found a small tin box. He was hesitant to open the box, as his curiosity arose he opened the box and he found an envelope with the address read: “Mrs Jim Macpherson, 12 Copper Beeches, Bridport, Dorset." and was a letter and he unfolded it. It was written in pencil and dated at the top — “December 26, 1914”.
यह लेखक द्वारा बताई गई कहानी है, वह ब्रिडपोर्ट में एक कबाड़ की दुकान पर गया, उसने वहां ओक से बनी एक कमरे की टॉप टेबल देखी, लेकिन वह महंगी थी, फिर उसे एक और टेबल मिली लेकिन उसकी हालत खराब थी। उसमें पानी के धब्बे और जले हुए निशान थे। इस हालत के कारण यह सस्ता हो गया और उन्होंने इसे खरीद लिया और क्रिसमस की पूर्व संध्या पर उन्होंने इसकी मरम्मत शुरू कर दी।
उसने मेज से सारी दराजें निकाल लीं लेकिन आखिरी दराज बुरी तरह फंस गई और उसने उसे जबरदस्ती खींच लिया। वह खुला और उसे टिन का एक छोटा डिब्बा मिला। वह बॉक्स खोलने में संकोच कर रहा था, जैसे ही उसकी जिज्ञासा पैदा हुई, उसने बॉक्स खोला और उसे एक लिफाफा मिला जिस पर लिखा था: "मिसेज जिम मैकफर्सन, 12 कॉपर बीचेस, ब्रिजपोर्ट, डोरसेट।" और एक पत्र था और उसने इसे खोल दिया। यह पेंसिल में लिखा गया था और शीर्ष पर दिनांकित था - "26 दिसंबर, 1914"।
It was a letter from an army officer of Britain to his wife. He was describing the scene of Christmas day. When soldiers of the German army wish them a merry Christmas.
They both came forward to no man's land to enjoy Christmas in between the wars of two countries. They both smiled, talked and shook hands. They also shared their rationed rum and excellent sausage.
यह ब्रिटेन के एक सैन्य अधिकारी का अपनी पत्नी को पत्र था। वह क्रिसमस के दिन के दृश्य का वर्णन कर रहा था। जब जर्मन सेना के जवानों ने उन्हें क्रिसमस की शुभकामनाएं दीं।
वे दोनों दो देशों के युद्ध के बीच क्रिसमस का आनंद लेने के लिए नो मैन्स लैंड में आगे आए। वे दोनों मुस्कुराए, बात की और हाथ मिलाया। उन्होंने अपनी राशन की रम और बेहतरीन सॉसेज भी साझा किए।
Now they have started sharing little personal information from where they both belong, their favourite books and writers like Bathsheba and Gabriel Oak and Sergeant Troy and Dorset. A German army man told him that He had a wife and one son, born just six months ago.
A British army man shared his remaining cake with a German man and he said-marzipan was the best he had ever tasted. Now all men from both armies started playing football matches in no man's land area. Their coats were their respective goal posts. Both sides were laughing, smoking and cheering each other on.
अब उन्होंने अपनी पसंदीदा पुस्तकों और लेखकों जैसे बतशेबा और गेब्रियल ओक और सार्जेंट ट्रॉय और डोरसेट से छोटी व्यक्तिगत जानकारी साझा करना शुरू कर दिया है। जर्मन सेना के आदमी ने उसे बताया कि उसकी एक पत्नी और एक बेटा है, जिसका जन्म अभी छह महीने पहले हुआ था।
एक ब्रिटिश सेना के आदमी ने अपना बचा हुआ केक एक जर्मन व्यक्ति के साथ साझा किया और उसने कहा- मार्जिपन सबसे अच्छा था जिसे उसने कभी चखा था। अब दोनों सेनाओं के सभी पुरुष नो मेंस लैंड क्षेत्र में फुटबॉल मैच खेलने लगे। उनके कोट उनके संबंधित लक्ष्य पद थे। दोनों पक्ष हंस रहे थे, धूम्रपान कर रहे थे और एक दूसरे की जय-जयकार कर रहे थे।
Then they were saying besides having war, the countries can have game’s match like football, cricket. The German army won this game by 2 goals . All end too soon, the game has finished, the schnapps, the rum and the sausage had run out long since, and we knew it was all over.
Both armies returned to their respective trenches, they greeted each other before returning and passed warmed smiles. That night they all sang Carol and went silent after some time.
तब वे कह रहे थे कि युद्ध करने के अलावा, वे चाहते हैं कि फुटबॉल, क्रिकेट जैसे देशों के बीच मैच हों। जर्मन जीते, एक को दो गोल। बहुत जल्द, जब खेल समाप्त हो गया, तो श्नैप्स और रम और सॉसेज लंबे समय से समाप्त हो गए थे, और हम जानते थे कि यह सब खत्म हो गया था।
दोनों सेनाएं अपने-अपने खाइयों में लौट आईं, लौटने से पहले उन्होंने एक-दूसरे का अभिवादन किया और गर्मजोशी से मुस्कुराईं। उस रात सभी ने कैरल गाया और कुछ देर बाद चुप हो गए।
The British army man wished next Christmas, this war may be over, it is bad and creates distance and they would all meet again.
This was the whole letter, the author found in the last drawer and he kept this letter back in an envelope and he was not able to sleep the whole night. He knew what he had to do. He drove into Bridport, just a few miles away. The house of the same address was burnt up, because Mrs Macpherson used to use candles for light in the house, while this was not the reason for the burning of the house. This whole information was told by her neighbour. Now Mrs Macpherson was in a nursing home.
ब्रिटिश सेना के आदमी ने अगले क्रिसमस की कामना की, यह युद्ध समाप्त हो सकता है, यह बुरा है और दूरी बनाता है और वे सभी फिर से मिलेंगे।
आखिरी दराज में उसे यही पूरा पत्र मिला और उसने इस पत्र को वापस लिफाफे में रख दिया और वह पूरी रात सो नहीं पाया। वह जानता था कि उसे क्या करना है। वह कुछ ही मील दूर ब्रिजपोर्ट में चला गया। उसी पते का घर जला दिया गया था, क्योंकि श्रीमती मैकफेरसन घर में रोशनी के लिए मोमबत्तियों का इस्तेमाल करती थीं, जबकि यह घर जलाने का पक्का कारण नहीं था। यह पूरी जानकारी उसके पड़ोसी ने बताई। अब श्रीमती मैकफेरसन नर्सिंग होम में थीं।
Now the author went to the nursing home to visit Mrs Macpherson, and the place was decorated for Christmas. Matron was happy to know someone came to meet Mrs Macpherson because she doesn't have any family members to visit and on Christmas day she was confused,so matron sent her to conservatory.
Then the author greeted her and talked to her. He talked about tables,tin boxes and letters. She recognised the box and her eyes were filled with joy and face started glowing. Now she found the author as Jim and she started crying with joy, she asked him to read the letter again to hear Jim's voice again. She also offered to make a cake with marzipan all around. She knew how much Jim loved the marzipan cake.
अब लेखक श्रीमती मैकफर्सन से मिलने नर्सिंग होम गए, क्रिसमस के लिए जगह को सजाया गया था। मैट्रन यह जानकर खुश हुई कि कोई श्रीमती मैकफेरसन से मिलने आया है क्योंकि उसके पास परिवार का कोई सदस्य नहीं है और क्रिसमस के दिन वह भ्रमित थी, इसलिए मैट्रन ने उसे कंजर्वेटरी में भेज दिया।
तब लेखक ने उसका अभिवादन किया और उससे बात की। उन्होंने टेबल, टिन बॉक्स और लेटर के बारे में बताया। उसने बॉक्स को पहचान लिया और उसकी आँखें खुशी से भर गईं और चेहरा चमकने लगा। अब उसे जिम के रूप में लेखक मिल गया और वह खुशी से रोने लगी, उसने जिम की आवाज फिर से सुनने के लिए उसे फिर से पत्र पढ़ने के लिए कहा। उसने चारों ओर मार्जिपन के साथ केक बनाने की भी पेशकश की। वह जानती थी कि जिम को मार्जिपन केक कितना पसंद है।
Comprehension Check para-1
1. What did the author find in a junk shop?
Ans 1- the author found a roll-top table, it was of the 19th century and made of oak.
2. What did he find in a secret drawer? Who do you think had put it in there?
Ans 2- he found a small black tin box, in which a letter he found. The owner of the table would have kept the letter.
Comprehension Check para-2
1. Who had written the letter, to whom, and when?
Ans 1- the jim English army man wrote this letter to his wife, It was written in pencil and dated at the top — “December 26, 1914”.
2. Why was the letter written — what was the wonderful thing that had happened?
Ans 2- the letter written in happiness on the occasion of Christmas, when British army men and German army men celebrated Christmas together despite the war situation.
3. What jobs did Hans Wolf and Jim Macpherson have when they were not soldiers?
Ans 3- Hans wolf was from Dusseldorf and he used to play the cello in the orchestra. Jim's Marcpherson was a school teacher from Dorset.
4. Has Hans Wolf ever been to Dorset? Why did he say he knew it?
Ans 4- No, Hans Wolf had never been to Dorset. He said it because he knew English very well.
5. Do you think Jim Macpherson came back from the war? How do you know this?
Ans 5- I think Jim Macpherson never came back from the war, because it was last letter sent by him to Mrs Macpherson as told by her to author.
Comprehension Check last part.
1. Who did Connie Macpherson think her visitor was?
Ans 1- Connie Macpherson thought her visitor was his husband Jim Macpherson.
2. Which sentence in the text shows that the visitor did not try to hide his identity?
Ans 2- . “I found this. I think it’s yours.” this was the line which showed the visitor did not try to hide his identity
Question and answer
1. For how long do you think Connie had kept Jim’s letter? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans 1-Connie had kept Jim’s last letter till January 25, 1915. The letter was dated Dec. 26, 1914.
2. Why do you think the desk had been sold, and when?
Ans 2- They have been sold due to the house in which Connie Macpherson lived had caught fire. She was taken to a nursing home.
3. Why do Jim and Hans think that games or sports are good ways of resolving
conflicts? Do you agree?
Ans 3- Jim and Hans thought that games or sports are good ways of resolving conflicts because nobody dies in matches. No children are orphaned and no wives become widows. Wars only lead to death and devastation.
4. Do you think the soldiers of the two armies are like each other, or different from each other? Find evidence from the story to support your answer.
Ans 4- The soldiers of the two armies are similar to each other as per the following reasons derived from the story:
Both the armies celebrated Christmas together by eating, laughing, drinking and talking with each other.
Both played a football match and accepted the winner without conflicts.
They agreed about the consequences or negative impact that war has on families.
5. Mention the various ways in which the British and the German soldiers become friends and find things in common at Christmas.
Ans 5- The British and the German soldiers belonged to different camps. They were enemies in war time. But after all they were human beings and therefore they had similar feelings. They shared. They got over hatred and played games, feasted and drank like good friends. Both hated war. Both were anxious to go back to their families at the end of war.
6. What is Connie’s Christmas present? Why is it “the best Christmas present in the world”?
When the narrator came to see Connie and gave her the box, she mistook him for her husband Jim. She thought that Jim had come home for Christmas. This was Connie’s Christmas present. It was the best Christmas present in the world for her because Jim had written in the letter that he would come home on Christmas. She had read that letter several times everyday to feel that he was near her. Now that he was finally there with her, she was extremely happy.
7. Do you think the title of this story is suitable for it? Can you think of any other title(s)?
Ans 7- Yes, the title of this story is suitable for it because Mrs Macpherson received the best gift on Christmas. Someone visited her and she thought he was his loving husband Jim and came to meet her after a long time. It can be "friends in war"
Working with language
Look at these sentences from the story.
Answer:
A man got on the train and sat down. The compartment was empty except for one lady. She took her gloves off. A few hours later the police arrested the man. They held him for 24 hours and then freed him.
(ii) Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Answer:
My little sister is very naughty. When she came back from school yesterday, she had torn her dress. We asked her how it had happened. She said she had quarrelled with a boy. She had beaten him in a race and he had tried to push her. She had told the teacher and so he had chased her, and she had fallen down and had torn her dress.
(iii) Underline the verbs and arrange them in two columns, Past and Earlier past.
Answer:
Past Earlier past
set out, stayed. had seen
arrived, came had left, had gone
sat, ate had packed
returned had fallen
Question 4:
The table below contains a list of nouns and some adjectives. Use as many adjectives as you can to describe each noun. You might come up with some funny descriptions!
Answer:
Nouns Adjectives
elephant- enormous, large, cheerful, wild, medium-sized
face- round, cheerful, chubby,
building- multi-coloured, blue, red, medium-sized
water-blue, cold
NCERT Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 3 The Little Girl,एनसीईआरटी कक्षा 9 अंग्रेजी मधुमक्खी का छत्ता अध्याय 3 छोटी लड़की
The little Girl
It is a story of a little girl named Kezia who is afraid of her father. Every morning her father gives her goodbye kiss before leaving for work.
In the evening when her father comes back home, he always asks for Cup of tea and a newspaper to read from her mother, while her mother asks Kazia to remove her father's shoe and bring the slippers.
छोटी लड़की
यह केजिया नाम की एक छोटी लड़की की कहानी है जो अपने पिता से डरती है। हर सुबह उसके पिता काम पर जाने से पहले उसे अलविदा चुंबन देते हैं।
शाम को जब उसके पिता घर वापस आते हैं, तो वह हमेशा उसकी माँ से पढ़ने के लिए चाय का प्याला और एक अखबार माँगता है, जबकि वह उसे अपने पिता का जूता निकालने और चप्पल लाने के लिए कहती है।
When she went to her father, she always mumbled while talking to her father due to fear and he said" If you stutter like that Mother will have to take you to the doctor.” She never stuttered with other people — but only with Father, her mother said, because She was trying so hard to say the words properly.
She is so scared of her father , she always looks like she is committing suicides whenever she goes near him. She find him giant
3. जब वह अपने पिता के पास गई, तो वह डर के मारे अपने पिता से बात करते हुए हमेशा बुदबुदाती रही और उसने कहा "अगर तुम ऐसे ही हकलाते हो तो माँ को तुम्हें डॉक्टर के पास ले जाना होगा।" वह अन्य लोगों के साथ कभी नहीं बल्कि केवल पिता के साथ, उसकी मां ने कहा, क्योंकि तब वह शब्दों को ठीक से कहने के लिए इतनी मेहनत कर रही थी।
4. वह अपने पिता से इतना डरती है कि जब भी वह उसके पास जाती है तो उसे हमेशा ऐसा लगता है कि वह आत्महत्या कर रही है। वह उसे विशाल पाती है
One day, Grandmother sent her to father to have some friendly conversation but Kezia found her father sleeping on the couch, then grandmother told Kezia, her father’s birthday is coming next week, she suggested she make a cushion for him and laborious Kezia did same but she didn't find anything to stuff in side the cushion.
5. दादी ने उसे कुछ दोस्ताना बातचीत करने के लिए पिता के पास भेजा लेकिन केज़िया ने अपने पिता को सोफे पर सोता पाया, फिर दादी ने केज़िया को बताया कि उसके पिता का जन्मदिन अगले हफ्ते आ रहा है, उसने सुझाव दिया कि वह उसके लिए एक कुशन बनाएं और श्रमसाध्य केज़िया ने ऐसा ही किया लेकिन उसने नहीं किया कुशन के अंदर सामान रखने के लिए कुछ भी खोजें।
Kezia stuffed that cushion with paper near her mother’s table which was the speech of her father and her both parents searching for that piece of paper in the whole house. When her mother and father came to know about it, they scolded her. Her father beat her with a ruler on her palm.
6. केजिया ने उस तकिये को अपनी माँ की मेज के पास कागज से भर दिया जो उसके पिता का भाषण था जो पूरे घर में उस कागज के टुकड़े को खोज रहा था। इसकी जानकारी जब उसके माता पिता को हुई तो उन्होंने उसे डांटा। उसके पिता ने उसकी हथेली पर एक शासक के साथ उसे पीटा।i
Then her grandmother consoled and asked her to sleep so that she can forget the whole incident, but children never forget. Whenever she saw her father she got scared. One day, In her neighbourhood she saw Macdonald who had five children playing them, then she understood there are different sorts of fathers.
7.तब उसकी दादी ने सांत्वना दी और उसे सोने के लिए कहा ताकि वह पूरी घटना को भूल सके, लेकिन बच्चे कभी नहीं भूलते। जब भी उसने अपने पिता को देखा वह डर गई। एक दिन वह अपने पड़ोस में देख रही थी मैकडॉनल्ड्स के पांच बच्चे थे जिनके साथ वह खेल रहा था, तब वह समझ गई कि पिता अलग-अलग प्रकार के होते हैं।
Then one fine day Kezia's mother got ill and nobodys at home, her grandmother was with her mother. .she was with her cook Alice. At evening Alice asked her to sleep but Kezia was so scared to sleep alone in darkness, whenever she got scared at night, her Grandmother took her with her to sleep together. Now she is alone and having a nightmare of a butcher with a big knife and rope.
8. फिर एक दिन केज़िया माँ बीमार हो गई और घर पर कोई नहीं था। वह अपने रसोइए एलिस के साथ थी, शाम को एलिस ने उसे सोने के लिए कहा लेकिन केज़िया अंधेरे में अकेले सोने से इतना डरती थी, जब भी वह रात में डरती थी, तो उसकी दादी उसे साथ ले जाती थी उसे एक साथ सोने के लिए, अब वह अकेली है और बड़े चाकू और रस्सी के साथ कसाई का बुरा सपना देख रही है।
She was shivering badly due to this dream. Her father took her to his bedroom and slept with her to make her relax and comfortable. Then she thought her father was not that bad because she thought he works hard and it was her mistake, she tore down an important piece of paper for him. He has a big heart.
9. इस सपने के कारण वह बुरी तरह कांप रही थी। उसके पिता उसे अपने बेडरूम में ले गए और उसे आराम और आराम देने के लिए उसके साथ सो गए। तब उसने सोचा कि उसके पिता इतने बुरे नहीं हैं क्योंकि उसे लगा कि वह कड़ी मेहनत करता है और यह उसकी गलती थी, उसने उसके लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण कागज का टुकड़ा फाड़ दिया। उसका बड़ा दिल है।
Given below are some emotions that Kezia felt.
Match the emotions in Column A with the items in Column B.
A B
1. fear or terror - 1.father comes home to understand.
2.speaking to the father.
3.going to bed when alone at home.
4.father stretched out on the sofa, snoring.
2. Glade sense of relief - 1.father comes into her room to give her a goodbye kiss.
2. the noise of the carriage grows fainter.
3. a “funny” feeling, perhaps- 1. Father comforts her and falls asleep.
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1. Why was Kezia afraid of her father?
Ans. Kezia is afraid of her father because his behaviour towards her is very cold. He never played with her infect, he is strict and beaten her for the mistake.
2. Who were the people in Kezia’s family?
Ans. Kezia’s family includes her father, mother and grandmother.
3. What was Kezia’s father’s routine:
Ans. (i) before going to his office? - He kisses the forehead of kezia.
(ii) after coming back from his office? - he gives command to his wife to give him tea and paper plus he also asks kezia to take his boots off.
(iii) on Sundays? He stretches on the sofa and snore while sleeping by covering his mouth with handkerchiefs.
4. In what ways did Kezia’s grandmother encourage her to get to know her father better?
Ans. Kezia’s grandmother wanted kezia to understand and love her father more. She sent her to talk to him on Sunday afternoon and She also told her father's birthday and asked her to make a cushion from a yellow silk cloth gift to him on this day.
III. Discuss these questions in class with your teacher and then write down your answers in two or three paragraphs each.
1. Kezia’s efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much. How did this happen?
Ans. Kezia was making a cushion to give it to her father. She needed something to fill in the cushion. At the time Kezia was making the cushion, her grandmother was not there to help and guide her.
Then she was searching for her mother to ask what would she fill in the cushion or give her some waste paper to fill the cushion, but her mother was also not there. After searching a lot, Kezia found a bundle of sheets kept near the bed of her parents, so took and tore them into pieces to fill the cushion.
Unfortunately, those papers are important for him, besides getting pleased he got very angry at her and punished her. This was the whole incident when kezia efforts went the opposite.
2. Kezia decides that there are “different kinds of fathers”. What kind of father was Mr Macdonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father?
Ans. One fine evening kezia was watching in her neighbourhood, The Macdonalds lived next door. They had five children. Looking through a gap in the fence the little girl saw them playing ‘tag’ in the evening. The father with the baby, Mao, on his shoulders, two little girls hanging on to his coat pockets ran round and round the flower-beds, shaking with laughter
After watching she decides there are different kinds of fathers,Mr. Macdonald is loving, affectionate, friendly and forgiving while Kezia finds her father strict,harsh and unforgiving.
3. How does Kezia begin to see her father as a human being who needs her sympathy?
Ans. Then one fine day Kezia's mother got ill and nobodys at home. Her grandmother was with her mother.she was with her cook Alice. At evening Alice asked her to sleep but Kezia was so scared to sleep alone in darkness. Now she is alone and having a nightmare of a butcher with a big knife and rope.
She was shivering badly due to this dream. Her father took her to his bedroom and slept with her to make her relax and comfortable. Then she thought her father was not that bad because she thought he works hard and it was her mistake, she tore down an important piece of paper for him. He has a big heart.
I. Look at the following sentence. There was a glad sense of relief when she heard the noise of the carriage growing fainter.Here, glad means happy about something. Glad, happy, pleased, delighted, thrilled and overjoyed are synonyms.
However, they express happiness in certain ways. Read the sentences below.
• She was glad when the meeting was over.
• The chief guest was pleased to announce the name of the winner.
1. Use an appropriate word from the synonyms given above in the following sentences. Clues are given in brackets.
(i) She was thrilled by the news of her brother’s wedding. (very pleased)
(ii) I was delighted to be invited to the party. (extremely pleased and excited about)
(iii) She was overjoyed at the birth of her granddaughter. (extremely happy)
(iv) The coach was pleased with his performance. (satisfied about)
(v) She was very happy with her results. (happy about something that has happened)
2. Study the use of the word big in the following sentence.
He was so big — his hands and his neck, especially his mouth.
Here, big means large in size. Now, consult a dictionary and find out the meaning of big in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you.
i) You are a big girl now. older
(ii) Today you are going to take the biggest decision of your career. It is the most crucial part.
(iii) Their project is full of big ideas. Wonderful ideas.
(iv) Cricket is a big game in our country. Most desired.
(v) I am a big fan of Lata Mangeskar. Extraordinary .
(vi) You have to cook a bit more as my friend is a big eater. Gobbler.
(vii) What a big heart you’ve got, Father dear. Kindred
We use verbs of reporting to advise, order, report statements, thoughts, intentions, questions, requests, apologies, manner of speaking and so on.
1. Underline the verbs of reporting in the following sentences.
(i) He says he will enjoy the ride.
(ii) Father mentioned that he was going on a holiday.
(iii) No one told us that the shop was closed.
(iv) He answered that the price would go up.
(v) I wondered why he was screaming.
(vi) Ben told her to wake him up.
(vii) Ratan apologised for coming late to the party.
Some verbs of reporting are given in the box. Choose the appropriate verbs and fill in the blanks in the following sentences. were complaining, shouted replied remarked ordered suggested
(i) “I am not afraid,” replied the woman.
(ii) “Leave me alone,”shouted my mother .
(iii) The children were complaining that the roads were crowded and noisy.
(iv) “Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of a chap after all,'' remarked the master.
(v) “Let’s go and look at the school ground,”suggested the sports teacher.
(vi) The traffic police ordered all the passers-by to keep off the road.