Glimpses of the Past
The Martyrs
This chapter has stories of superior
sacred sacrifice of brave hearted men
and women for the freedom of India.
These stories will fill your eyes with
tears Jai Hind.
The Company’s conquests (1757-1849)
Britishers first came to India in 16th century
and extended their rule in form of doing
business with Indian community and they
have taken the advantages of rift
between kings of different different
states or rajwada's Indian kings
took help of Britishers to defeat
each other which gave them power
to gain political and geographical
control in India.
Kings of different states or rajwada's
thought Britishers were helpers of
them but actually they were
manipulating and controlling
their mind to gain power in our country.
Using divide and rule policy since
they came to India.
अतीत की झलक
शहीद
इस अध्याय में भारत की स्वतंत्रता
के लिए बहादुर दिल वाले पुरुषों
और महिलाओं के बेहतर बलिदान
की कहानियां हैं। ये कहानियाँ
आपकी आँखों में आँसू भर देंगी
जय हिन्द।
कंपनी की विजय (1757-1849)
अंग्रेज पहली बार 16वीं
शताब्दी में भारत आए और
भारतीय समुदाय के साथ
व्यापार करने के रूप में
अपने शासन का विस्तार
किया और उन्होंने विभिन्न
राज्यों के राजाओं के बीच
दरार का लाभ उठाया या
राजवाड़ा के भारतीय राजाओं
ने एक दूसरे को हराने के लिए
अंग्रेजों की मदद ली जिससे
उन्हें शक्ति मिली भारत में
राजनीतिक और भौगोलिक
नियंत्रण हासिल करने के लिए।
विभिन्न राज्यों के राजा या
रजवाड़ा के विचार अंग्रेज उनके
सहायक थे लेकिन वास्तव में
वे हमारे देश में सत्ता हासिल
करने के लिए अपने दिमाग में
हेरफेर और नियंत्रण कर रहे थे।
वे भारत में आने के बाद से
फूट डालो और राज करो की
नीति का उपयोग कर रहे हैं।
British Rule (1765-1836)
Britishers took advantage of the lack of
education, old orthodox thinking, loyalty,
resources and difference between each
other to exploit Resources, farmers
and ruined expert business and artisans.
They implemented and forced their
unethical laws over Indians to gain
more profit from here, like they hadn't
imposed any import duty on goods
manufactured in England when brought
to India.
Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833)
Ram Mohan Roy was the great social
and religious reformer of our country.
He belong to Bengal and he is known
for abolishing child marriage
and sati prathahe had the
knowledge of modern education
and supporter of practical and
scientific knowledge.
He went to England to
understand the system of
Britishers and to understand
what made Britishers so
powerful. He told Britishers
to be responsible for rulers
of this country.
He loved ancient culture and
preaches that all religions
have the same meaning
but way of teachings are
different. He preached the
lesson of unity in diversity.
He started newspapers
but the suspicious
British stopped them in 1823.
ब्रिटिश शासन (1765-1836)
अंग्रेजों ने शिक्षा की कमी,
पुरानी रूढ़िवादी सोच,
वफादारी, संसाधनों और
संसाधनों, किसानों और
बर्बाद विशेषज्ञ व्यवसाय
और कारीगरों का शोषण
करने के लिए एक दूसरे
के बीच अंतर का फायदा
उठाया।
उन्होंने भारतीयों पर अपने
अनैतिक कानूनों को लागू
किया और यहां से अधिक
लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए
मजबूर किया, जैसे उन्होंने
भारत में लाए जाने पर
इंग्लैंड में निर्मित वस्तुओं
पर कोई आयात शुल्क
नहीं लगाया था।
राम मोहन राय (1772-1833)
राम मोहन राय हमारे देश
के महान समाज और
धार्मिक सुधारक थे।
वह बंगाल से ताल्लुक
रखते हैं और उन्हें बाल
विवाह और सती प्रथा
को खत्म करने के लिए
जाना जाता है, उन्हें
आधुनिक शिक्षा का ज्ञान था
और व्यावहारिक और
वैज्ञानिक ज्ञान के समर्थक थे।
वह अंग्रेजों की व्यवस्था को
समझने और अंग्रेजों को
इतना शक्तिशाली बनाने के
लिए इंग्लैंड गए। उन्होंने
अंग्रेजों को इस देश के
शासकों के लिए जिम्मेदार
होने के लिए कहा।
वह प्राचीन संस्कृति से
प्यार करते थे और उपदेश
देते थे कि सभी धर्मों का
एक ही अर्थ है लेकिन
शिक्षाओं का तरीका अलग है।
उन्होंने अनेकता में एकता
का पाठ पढ़ाया। उन्होंने
समाचार पत्र शुरू किए
लेकिन सन् 1823 में
संदिग्ध अंग्रेजों ने
उन्हें रोक दिया।
Oppression (1765-1835)
Now britishers have started
more unethical laws, like-
. In 1818, they had passed
Regulation III. Under it, an
Indian could be jailed without
trial in a court.All the time British
officers in India drew big salaries
and also made fortunes in private
business.they were exploiting
Indians badly. Indian cotton
weavers were forced to starve
because of the Britishers' cotton
mills.
Dissatisfaction (1835-56)
Now Indians had started feeling
dissatisfaction, becoming more
and more aware of the intentions
of britishers, Indians knew Britishers
were least interested in welfare of India
. They changed the language of study to
English to generate clerical level jobs to
assist them so that an average Indian
wasn't able to study.By 1856, the British
had conquered the whole of India.
उत्पीड़न (1765-1835)
अब अंग्रेजों ने और भी
अनैतिक कानून शुरू कर
दिए हैं, जैसे-. 1818 में,
उन्होंने विनियमन III
पारित किया था। इसके
तहत, एक भारतीय को
अदालत में मुकदमा चलाए
बिना जेल भेजा जा सकता था।
भारत में हर समय ब्रिटिश
अधिकारियों को बड़ी तनख्वाह
मिलती थी और निजी व्यवसाय
में भी पैसा कमाते थे। वे
भारतीयों का बुरी तरह
शोषण कर रहे थे। अंग्रेजों
की सूती मिलों के कारण
भारतीय सूती बुनकर भूखे
मरने को मजबूर थे।
असंतोष (1835-56)
अब भारतीयों ने असंतोष
महसूस करना शुरू कर
दिया था, अंग्रेजों के इरादों
के बारे में अधिक से अधिक
जागरूक होने के कारण,
भारतीयों को पता था कि
अंग्रेजों को भारत के
कल्याण में कम से कम
दिलचस्पी थी। उन्होंने
अपनी सहायता के लिए
लिपिक स्तर की नौकरियां
उत्पन्न करने के लिए
अध्ययन की भाषा को
अंग्रेजी में बदल दिया
ताकि एक औसत भारतीय
अध्ययन करने में सक्षम न हो।
1856 तक, अंग्रेजों ने पूरे
भारत पर विजय प्राप्त कर
ली थी।
The Sparks (1855-57)
As Indians became aware about
the intentions of Britishers, a sense
of anger and revolt started evolving
in the Indians.
In Bengal, the Santhals who had
lost their lands under new land rules,
became desperate. In 1855, they
rose in rebellion and massacred
Europeans and their supporters
alike.
There were raw starts in the British army
as Indians are paid less plus keeping
them in disguise, Britishers hurted
their religious sentiments by makin
g bullets of cow and pig meats.
Thousands of other Sepoy revolted.
They were stripped of their uniforms.
Revolt or The Fight for Freedom (1857)
India's first ever revolt started in 1857
in meerut. incidents of revolt also
occurred farther north and east.
Many rules and kings joint hands
together or came to revolt against
East India company or britishers.
Like- Azimulla Khan told Tatya Tope
, they should have Peshwa Nana Saheb
as our leader in this war of independence.
जैसे ही भारतीयों को अंग्रेजों
के इरादों के बारे में पता चला,
भारतीयों में क्रोध और विद्रोह
की भावना विकसित होने लगी।
बंगाल में, नए भूमि नियमों के
तहत अपनी जमीन खो चुके
संथाल हताश हो गए।
1855 में, वे विद्रोह में उठे
और यूरोपीय और उनके
समर्थकों को समान रूप
से मार डाला।
ब्रिटिश सेना में कच्ची
शुरुआत थी क्योंकि
भारतीयों को कम भुगतान
किया जाता है और
उन्हें भेष में रखते हुए,
अंग्रेजों ने गाय और सुअर
के मांस की गोलियां
बनाकर उनकी धार्मिक
भावनाओं को आहत किया।
हजारों अन्य सिपाहियों ने
विद्रोह किया। उनकी वर्दी
उतार दी गई।
विद्रोह या स्वतंत्रता
की लड़ाई (1857)
भारत का पहला विद्रोह 1857
में मेरठ में शुरू हुआ था।
विद्रोह की घटनाएं उत्तर
और पूर्व में भी हुईं। कई नियम
और राजा एक साथ हाथ
मिलाते थे या ईस्ट इंडिया
कंपनी या अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ
विद्रोह करने आए थे।
जैसे- अज़ीमुल्ला खान ने
तात्या टोपे से कहा, उन्हें
इस स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में
पेशवा नाना साहब को
हमारे नेता के रूप में
रखना चाहिए।
Comprehension Check
1.Look at picture 1 and recall
the opening lines of the original
song in Hindi. Who is the singer?
Who else do you see in this picture?
Ans-1 The opening lines of the
original song in Hindi are –
“Aye mere watan ke logon,
tum khub laga lo naara
yeh shubh din hai hum sab
ka, lehralo tiranga pyaara
par mat bhulo seema par,
veeron ne hai praan ganvaaye
kuchh yaad unhe bhee kar lo – (2)
jo laut ke ghar naa aaye – (2)
This beautiful heart-touching
track was sung by Lata Mangeshkar.
In the picture, we see great
leaders of India namely – Lal Bahadu
r Shastri, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru,
Indira Gandhi, Rani Laxmibai of
Jhansi, Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
Bahadur Shah Zafar, Lala Lajpat Rai,
Bhagat Singh, Mahatma Gandhi and
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
2.In picture 2 what do you understand
about the Company’s “superior weapons”?
Ans-2 The East India Company’s “superior
weapons” refers to strong rules and
regulations,diplomacy,and politics
of the British rulers. They also had
Guns and cannons with them.
3.Who is an artisan? Why do
you think the artisans suffered?
(picture 3) 4.Which picture, according
to you, reveals the first sparks of the fire
of revolt?
Ans-3 An artisan is a skilled craft worker
who creates decorative or functional
items manually. The artisans suffered
as the British were extracting high
taxes from them because of which
they were facing economic loss on
their products. Moreover, the British
were importing machine-manufactured
items from England and selling them
on a large scale, thereby ruining the
existing market of hand-made products
made by the artisans.
4. Which picture, according to you,
reveals the first sparks of the fire
of revolt?
Ans-4 Picture 7 – The Sparks (1855-57)
reveals the first sparks of the fire of revolt.
Answer the following questions.
1-Do you think the Indian princes
were short-sighted in their approach
to the events of 1757?
Ans-1. Yes, the Indian princes were
short-sighted in their approach to the
events of 1757 as they failed to see and
understand the bad intentions of the British
rulers. Indian kings took help of Britishers to
defeat each other which gave them power to
gain political and geographical control in India.
2.How did the East India Company subdue the
Indian princes?
Ans-2. The East India Company spread
their business by importing machine
-manufactured items from England
and selling them extensively.The
Indian kings were constantly fighting
with each other. Due to this, they
took the help of the English merchants
to fight their counterparts.The ordinary
people lost peace due to these constant
fights. These rivalries indirectly helped
the East India Company subdue the
Indian princes one at a time and
slowly gain complete control over
the masses.
3.Quote the words used by Ram
Mohan Roy to say that every
religion teaches the same principles.
Ans-3. Ram Mohan Roy quoted to his
wife Uma that “Cows are of different
colours, but the colour of their milk
is the same. Different teachers have
different opinions but the essence
of every religion is the same.”
4.In what ways did the British
officers exploit Indians?
Ans-4. The British exploited Indians
in several ways. They imposed
high taxes on the peasants,
reduced the import duty on
goods manufactured in England
and imported those to India and
cut the thumbs of expert artisans
and ruined their business
5. Name these people
Ans-5. (i)The ruler who fought
pitched battles against the British
and died fighting- Tipu Sultan of
Mysore fought pitched battles
against the British and died fighting.
. (ii)The person who wanted to
reform society.-Raja Ram Mohan
Roy, a learned man from Bengal
was one person who wanted to
reform the society.
(iii)The person who recommended
the introduction of English education
in India.-Macaulay, an Englishman,
was the one who recommended the
introduction of English education in
India.
(iv)Two popular leaders who led the
revolt (Choices may vary.)- Maulvi
Ahmedulla of Faizabad and Peshwa
Nana Saheb
6.Mention the following.
Ans-6. Two examples of social
practices prevailing then.- Child
marriage and untouchability.
Two oppressive policies of the
British- Firstly, the British did
not impose any import duty on
goods manufactured in England
and this crippled the Indian cottage
industries. Secondly, the British
continued to oppress Indians in
1818 by passing Regulation III,
under which an Indian could be
jailed without trial in a court.
Two ways in which common people
suffered-he farmers were heavily
taxed by the British and the thumbs
of the skilled artisans were cut to
ruin their business.
Four reasons for the discontent that
led to the 1857 War of Independence.-
In Bengal, the Santhals lost their lands
under new British land rules and they
became desperate and rose in
rebellion and massacred Europeans in 1855.
The Indian sepoys of the British army
were discontent and angry as the
white soldiers were getting huge pay,
mansions to live in along with servants.
The Brahmin soldiers were furious when
they came to know that the grease on
the bullet that they were biting was
made from the fat of cows and pigs.
Many landlords were sore because
they had lost their lands and
estates due to the harsh British
policies
Working with language
1 Change the following sentences
into indirect speech.
Ans-1. (i)
(a) The first man said that they
must educate their brothers.
(b) The second man added that
they must try to improve their
material conditions.
(c) The third man suggested that
they must convey their grievances
to the British Parliament.
(ii)
(a) The first soldier said that the
white soldier got huge pay,
mansions and servants.
(b) The second soldier remarked
that they got a pittance and slow
promotions.
(c) The third soldier asked who
the British were to abolish
their customs
